These are floating point approximations, as can be seen clearly in the last value. With these, the basic definitions for the primary trigonometric functions are In general, $x$ degrees is $2\pi \cdot x / 360$ radians.įor a right triangle with angles $\theta$, $\pi/2 - \theta$, and $\pi/2$ we call the side opposite $\theta$ the "opposite" side, the shorter adjacent side the "adjacent" side and the longer adjacent side the hypotenuse. By proportions, $180$ degrees is $\pi$ radian, $90$ degrees is $\pi/2$ radians, $60$ degrees is $\pi/3$ radians, etc. We measure angles in radians, where $360$ degrees is $2\pi$ radians. With such a wide range of utility it is no wonder that they pop up in many places and their origins date to Hipparcus and Ptolemy over 2000 years ago. The trigonometric functions are used to describe relationships between triangles and circles as well as oscillatory motions. In this section we quickly review their definitions and some basic properties. ![]() We have informally used some of the trigonometric functions in examples so far.
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